acid precipitation
☆ acidic Ametoha?
Acid rain is a phenomenon in which the acidic substances such as nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide dissolves in rain, snow, and fog, indicating the strong acidity.
In addition to having an adverse effect on the ecosystem in acidified lakes and rivers, soil, acid rain is damaging to the cultural heritage buildings and it can dissolve the concrete, with or caused the rust on metal.
It should be noted that, as the result of measurement of chemical composition as "dry fallout" when "wet fallout" when it was raining on the ground melts into rain, has been falling in the form of particles such as dry other than rain in the Japan Meteorological Agency, both it is referred to as a "chemical composition of precipitation drop-dust" also to.
In addition, at present, it can be viewed as the combined dry and wet fallout fallout many "acid rain", the term "acid deposition" is also used.
☆ cause of acid rain?
Manner of generation, is to react with water vapor in the air, pollutants such as nitrogen oxides emitted by the combustion of fossil fuels, hail and changed to sulfate.
Cause of acid rain in Japan is not the only pollutants generated from Japan.
The acid rain that falls in the Sea of Japan side, that the polluted air in China is riding the monsoon, and flowing into Japan is also the cause.
However, only pollutants emitted from the factory does not mean that the cause of acid rain. Exhaust gas of automobiles has become a major cause.
And chemical equation
NOx + H2O → HNO3 + Others
(Nitrogen oxide) (water) (nitric acid)
SOx + H2O → H2SO4 + Others
(Sulfur oxides) (water) (sulfuric acid)
☆ Efforts on acid rain!
■ Efforts world
· Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (Geneva Convention)
It is a treaty that was adopted at the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. In this treaty, as well as determine the policy for cross-border air pollution prevention in Member States,
Development of emission prevention technologies, such as sulfur, promotion of the study of acid rain effects, and the implementation of international cooperation is specified.
Helsinki Protocol
It is the one that is based on the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, sign, 21 countries belonging to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe has issued.
In this proposal document, I decided that it would cut 30% minimum emissions of sulfur.
Sofia Protocol
It is the one that is based on the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, sign, 25 countries belonging to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe has issued.
In this proposal document, the liabilities assumed, that it must be applied emission standards based on the best technology that can be used economically for the car and the new facility.
In addition, an adequate supply of unleaded gasoline also are required.
And the U.S. SO2 emissions trading
Based on the revised Clean Air Act, emission reduction plan nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide (SO2) for power plants (NOx) has been started.
This amended the Clean Air Act, and the city smog measures, emphasis has been placed on anti-acid rain.
, Neutralized with lime
In Sweden, Lake of two thirds is, we have become a lake of death acidified. So now, for the resuscitation of the lake, Sweden, has neutralized put the lime in the alkaline. Also other lake, even to such as forest soil, and devote lime.
■ Efforts in Japan
And acid rain research measures
It is a thing from the time the effects of acid rain began to be questioned, in the measurement point of the whole country, was measured in the pH of the rainfall during. By measuring several times, to know the current situation of acid rain in Japan, we have been international efforts for the prevention of adverse effects of acid rain.
☆ measures of acid rain!
Half of NOx in the city are caused by automobile exhaust. In other words, by reducing the amount of car, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of acid rain. Electric vehicle environmental very, such as solar car does not issue a exhaust gas too much
